"Incorporation by reference" is a contractual mechanism that allows parties to include terms from an external document within the contract without restating them verbatim. By referring to the external document, the parties agree to abide by its terms as if they were fully set out within the contract itself.
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 (No. 333-139763) (the “Registration Statement”) of RiverSource® Endeavor Select Variable Annuity of our report dated February 22, 2024 relating to the consolidated financial statements of RiverSource Life Insurance Company and consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement of our report dated April 22, 2024 relating to the financial statements of each of the divisions of RiverSource Variable Annuity Account indicated in our report, which appear in Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 (No. 333-139760). We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in such registration statement.
I, Lisa Lanteigne, in connection with the Registration Statement on Form F-3 of Vale S.A. filed on or about the date hereof (the “Registration Statement”), hereby consent to: a) the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement of Vale’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Annual Report”) and the use of the technical report titled “Technical Report Summary for Ontario Operations” (the “Technical Report”), filed as an exhibit to and referenced in the Annual Report; and
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of PGIM ETF Trust of our report dated October 19, 2023, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appears in PGIM Jennison Focused Value ETF’s Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended August 31, 2023. We also consent to the references to us under the headings "Financial Statements", "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" and "Financial Highlights" in such Registration Statement.
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Franklin Templeton ETF Trust of our report dated May 19, 2020, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appear in Franklin Liberty High Yield Corporate ETF, Franklin Liberty International Aggregate Bond Fund ETF and Franklin Liberty Senior Loan ETF’s Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended March 31, 2020. We also consent to the references to us under the headings “Financial Highlights” and "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in such Registration Statement.
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Franklin Templeton ETF Trust of our report dated May 23, 2023, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appears in the Franklin U.S. Equity Index ETF’s Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended March 31, 2023. We also consent to the references to us under the headings “Financial Highlights” and “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in such Registration Statement.
d) the incorporation by reference of the Annual Report in the Registration Statements on Form F-3/A of Vale S.A. (No. 333-271248) and Vale Overseas Limited (No. 333-271248-01) and Registration Statements on Form S-8 of Vale S.A. (No. 333-223718 and 333-276867); and e) the incorporation by reference of this consent into any registration statement or post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) or Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to a security registered in any of the Registration Statements.
I further consent to the incorporation by reference of this consent into any registration statement or post- effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) or Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the securities registered in the Post-Effective Amendment.
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Post-Effective Amendment No. 154 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of ETF Managers Trust of our report dated November 29, 2022, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of Wedbush ETFMG Video Game Tech ETF and Wedbush ETFMG Global Cloud Technology ETF (each a series of ETF Managers Trust), included in the September 30, 2022 Annual Report of ETF Managers Trust on Form N-CSR.
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Voyageur Insured Funds of our report dated October 19, 2020, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appears in Delaware Tax-Free Arizona Fund’s Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended August 31, 2020. We also consent to the references to us under the headings “Financial Highlights” and “Financial Statements” in such Registration Statement.
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Post-Effective Amendment No. 147 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of ETF Managers Trust of our report dated November 29, 2021, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of ETFMG Prime Junior Silver Miners ETF, ETFMG Prime 2x Daily Junior Silver Miners ETF and ETFMG Prime 2x Daily Inverse Junior Silver Miners ETF (each a series of ETF Managers Trust) included in the September 30, 2021 Annual Report of ETF Managers Trust on Form N-CSR.
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our reports dated February 26, 2019, relating to the consolidated financial statements and consolidated financial statement schedule of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries, and the effectiveness of Entergy Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2018, and to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in the prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Prudential Investment Portfolios 2 of our report dated September 22, 2021, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appear in PGIM QMA Mid Cap Core Equity Fund's Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended July 31, 2021. We also consent to the references to us under the headings "Financial Statements", "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" and "Financial Highlights" in such Registration Statement.
Incorporation by reference is a legal drafting technique wherein one document is made a part of another separate document by referencing the former in the latter. This allows for the inclusion of important information without having to repeat it in full each time. It’s commonly used to provide efficiency and ensure consistency across various legal documents.
You should use incorporation by reference when:
To write an incorporation by reference clause, clearly identify the document being incorporated and ensure it is adequately described. Here’s a basic template:
“The terms and conditions of [Document Name], dated [Document Date], are hereby incorporated by reference and made a part of this [Agreement/Contract/Document].”
Example in context:
“The specifications outlined in ‘Appendix A: Product Specifications,’ dated January 15, 2023, are hereby incorporated by reference and made an integral part of this Contract.”
Incorporation by reference is commonly used in a variety of contracts and legal documents, including but not limited to:
By using incorporation by reference, parties to a contract can ensure that all necessary information is included while keeping the document concise and readable.
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Dive deeper into the world of clauses and learn more about these other clauses that are used in real contracts.
The incorporation of exhibits clause specifies that all exhibits, attachments, or annexes referenced in a contract are considered integral parts of the agreement, having the same binding effect as if they were fully included in the main document. This clause ensures that any additional documentation accompanying the contract is recognized and enforceable under the terms of the contract.
The "Incorporation of Recitals" clause specifies that the introductory statements (recitals) of a contract are fully integrated into the body of the agreement, making them legally binding and enforceable. This ensures the context and intentions outlined in the recitals are considered as part of the contractual obligations of the parties involved.
An indefinite term clause allows a contract to remain in effect without a set expiration date, continuing until one or both parties choose to terminate it under the conditions specified within the agreement. This type of clause is often used in contracts where the duration of the collaboration is uncertain or intended to persist as long as mutually beneficial.
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